ABDURAKHMANOVA R.F., IZZATOV H.N., HADIBAEVA G.R., SHARIPOVA B.A.
DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY AND MEDICAL GENETICS OF STATE EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT «INSTITUTE OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION IN HEALTH SPHERE OF REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN»
Cerebrovascular disease is one of the most important medical and social problems. One of the serious consequences of cerebrovascular disease, is a disorder of cognitive functions. Cognitive disorders (CD), along with other neuro¬logical disorders are important manifestations of organic brain pathology. Vascular CD in its development through several stages, and the most severe form of cognitive disorders, vascular dementia is (VD). At the CD is dominated neuropsychological symptoms of frontal dysfunction than memory impairment, as well as the presence of neurological symptoms in the early stages of the disease. The main factors of the development of the CD are: arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart disease, diabetes, etc. These factors contribute to the development of lacunar infarcts and leukoaraiosis that precede as moderate CD, well as dementia.
In patients with diabetes are found in 87% of cases of depressive disorders. Joining depression to vascular lesions of the brain, leading to a deepening of the CD. The link between depression and vascular disease is determined by hemo¬ dynamic factors, which manifests itself in an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in cardiac output in response to the different emotions of the subjects. Also in depressive disorders marked hypercoagulable syndrome. Neuroimaging techniques reveal functional changes in the brain, depression as a reduction in blood flow and glucose metabolism, mainly in the areas responsible for cognitive functions.