Abstract

The aim of this review was to summarize current data on the role of preconception care in the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes and to present an analytical assessment of its effectiveness.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes remain one of the leading medical and social challenges of modern healthcare. According to international organizations, a significant proportion of gestational complications are associated with factors that exist prior to conception. Reducing maternal and perinatal mortality is a global health priority. According to a study conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organization (2020), one in four pregnancies worldwide is unintended, leading to 25 million unsafe abortions and 47,000 deaths of women each year. Experts consider the main cause to be the difficulty of accessing professional family planning services. In this regard, increasing attention is being paid to pre-conception care as an effective tool for the primary prevention of reproductive health disorders.
A search and analysis of literature sources, publications of international organizations (WHO, CDC), national guidelines on obstetrics and reproductive medicine, as well as data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses available on the electronic database platforms CyberLeninka, ELIBRARY, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus over the past 7 years were conducted.
 

Keywords

preconception care pregnancy planning perinatal mortality congenital malformations preeclampsia folic acid reproductive health prevention perinatal outcomes.

Full Text

Download Article as PDF

Full article in PDF format

References

  1. Ivkosic IE, Mesic J, Fures R, et al. Infertility - a Great Challenge of the Past, Present, and Future. Mater Sociomed. 2025;37(1):74-79. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2025.37.74-79
  2. Dunlop AL, Alfonso S, Hansen N, Williams D, Anderson V. Virtual Preconception Risk Assessment and Counseling In Primary Health Care. J Am Board Fam Med. 2025;38(2):223-238.
  3. Radzinsky VE, Orazmuradov AA. Pregravidarnaya podgotovka: klinicheskiye aspekty [Preconception care: clinical aspects]. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;5:5–11. (In Russ.)
  4. Ghaffari Sardasht F, Motaghi Z, Shariati M, Keramat A, Akbari N. The Status, Policies, and Programs of Preconception Risk Assessment in Iran: A Narrative Review. J Caring Sci. 2022;11(2):105-117. https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.15
  5. Konkina AV, Blikyan LA, Aleynikova DE, Abubakarov IR, Dzhumanyazova AS, Abramian AV, et al. Immunologicheskoye testirovaniye pri zhenskom besplodii: sovremennyy vzglyad na problemu [Immunological testing for female infertility: a modern view on the problem]. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction. 2024;18(4):547-562. (In Russ.)
  6. Konovalov VN, Tshai VB, Yametova NM. Profilaktika prezhdevremennykh rodov. Sovremennoye sostoyaniye problemy [Prevention of premature birth. Current state of the problem]. Siberian Medical Review. 2020;5:5-11. doi:10.20333/25000136-2020-5-5-1
  7. Li M, Francis E, Hinkle SN, Ajjarapu AS, Zhang C. Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1628. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071628
  8. Ganchar EP, Kazhina MV, Gutikova LV, Zukhovitskaya EV. Genetic polymorphisms in women with recurrent miscarriage. Choice of obstetric tactics. Medical news. 2024;2:75-79
  9. Radzinsky VE, Khamoshina MB, Raevskaya OA, et al. Essays on Endocrine Gynecology. Ed. by V.E. Radzinsky. Moscow: Editorial Office of the journal StatusPraesens; 2020. 576 p.
  10. Haas DM, Hathaway TJ, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10):CD003511. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003511.pub4
  11. Coomarasamy A, Devall AJ, Brosens JJ, Quenby S, Stephenson MD, Sierra S, et al. Micronized vaginal progesterone to prevent miscarriage: a critical evaluation of randomized evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(2):167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.006
  12. Rikken JFW, Kowalik CR, Emanuel MH. Septum resection versus expectant management in women with a septate uterus: an international multicentre open-label randomized controlled trial. Human reproduction. 2021;36(5):1260–1267. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab037
  13. Chen X, Liu P, Sheng Y, Li W, Tang R, Ding L, et al. The impact of unicornuate uterus on perinatal outcomes after IVF/ICSI cycles: A matched retrospective cohort study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2019;32(15):2469–2474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1438403
  14. Hamulyák EN, Scheres LJ, Marijnen MC, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S. Aspirin or heparin or both for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;5:CD012852. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012852.pub2
  15. Solovyova AV, Lishchuk OV. Two Are Needed for Conception. What an Obstetrician-Gynecologist Should Know About the Diagnosis of Male Infertility: Information Bulletin. Ed. by V.E. Radzinsky. Moscow: Editorial Office of the journal StatusPraesens; 2019. 16 p.
  16. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological genital discharge in women. Moscow; 2019. 57 p.
  17. Ibrahim Y, Johnstone E. The male contribution to recurrent pregnancy loss. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2018;7(3):S317–S327. PMID: 30159238.
  18. Shabanova AA, Shitova MS. Privychnoye nevynashivaniye beremennosti – sovremennyy vzglyad na problemu [Habitual miscarriage – a modern view of the problem]. Stolypin Bulletin. 2022;4(3):19-22.
  19. Radzinsky VE, Khamoshina MB, Raevskaya OA, et al. Essays on Endocrine Gynecology. Ed. by V.E. Radzinsky. Moscow: Editorial Office of the journal StatusPraesens; 2020. 576 p.
  20. Anderson J, Ghaffarian KR. Early Pregnancy Diagnosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556135/
  21. Miklyaeva IA, Danilova IK, Osmanov EM. Effektivnost' kompleksnogo podkhoda pregravidarnoy podgotovki v uspeshnom razvitii beremennosti [Effectiveness of an integrated approach to pre-gravid preparation in the successful development of pregnancy]. Far Eastern Medical Journal. 2019;(3):100-105.
  22. Petrushina AD, Kosinova SR, Popova KO, Golubeva AA. Aktual'nost' pregravidarnoy podgotovki dlya zhenshchin s riskom prezhdevremennykh rodov [Relevance of pre-pregnancy preparation for women at risk of preterm birth]. Medical Science and Education. 2024;120(4):142–148. DOI: 10.36361/18148999_2024_25_4_142
  23. Chazova IE, Zhernakova YuV. on behalf of the experts. Klinicheskiye rekomendatsii. Diagnostika i lecheniye arterial'noy gipertonii [Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension]. Systemic Hypertension. 2019;16(1):6–31.
  24. Podilyakina YuS, Kulov DB, Amirbekova ZhT. Pregravidarnaya podgotovka [Preconception care]. Issledovaniya i praktika v meditsine. 2021;8(2):83–89. https://doi.org/10.17709/2410-1893-2021-8-2-8
  25. Solovieva AV, Gevorgyan DA. Prognozirovaniye i preduprezhdeniye oslozhneniy gestatsii. Vozmozhno li eto? [Prediction and prevention of gestational complications. Is it possible?] Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, and Training. 2019;7(3):88–92. doi: 10.24411/2303-9698-2019-13013.
  26. Kim EJ, Nho JH. Lifestyle Interventions for Adults with Infertility. J. Lifestyle. Med. 2022;12(2):69–71. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2022.12.2.69