Аннотация

Цель
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems among medical students worldwide. Central Asian countries demonstrate low scores on the Mental Health and Well-being Index with high stigmatization of mental disorders, which necessitates systematic analysis of depression prevalence data in this population. The aim of this review is to analyze global prevalence rates of depression among medical students, identify characteristics of the Central Asian region, systematize risk factors, and examine evidence-based preventive strategies. According to meta-analyses, the global prevalence of depression among medical students ranges from 27% to 48%, depending on the diagnostic tools used and the study period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in rates up to 48% was noted. Central Asian countries rank among the lowest in global mental health ratings: Uzbekistan — 74th place (54.5 points), Kazakhstan — 76th (52.3 points), Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan — 79-80th places (51.2 points), compared to the global average of 63 points. The main risk factors include academic stress, burnout, perfectionism, and stigmatization of mental disorders.
Заключение
Depression represents a serious problem for medical students, especially in Central Asian countries, where specific culturally-appropriate preventive approaches are required. Systematic epidemiological studies, integration of prevention programs into curricula, development of digital support resources, and destigmatization initiatives are needed.

Ключевые слова

depression medical students mental health Central Asia prevalence prevention burnout

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