Abstract

Objective

To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its disabling complications (neuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome) among the adult population of Penjikent city in order to optimize dispensary observation and increase the effectiveness of carbohydrate metabolism compensation.  
 

Materials and Methods

A screening of the unorganized population was carried out, which included 1,512 people (498 men and 1014 women) aged 18 to 77 years.  
Research methods included: collection of clinical and anamnestical data, laboratory and biochemical analysis, calculation of anthropometric data using the Quetelet index.
 

Results

Carbohydrate metabolism disorder was detected in 17.3% of the examined individuals: 20% of men and 16% of women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in 8.3±0.7% of patients: 9.2 ±1.3% of men and 7.9 ±0.8% of women; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) – 4.1±0.5% of the population: 4.8±0.9% of men and 3.8±0.6% of women; and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) – 4.9±0.6% of the examined individuals: 6.0±1.1% of men and 4.3±0.6% of women.  
A compensated form of diabetes (HbA1c level 7.0-9.4%) was present in 29.3±4.1% of patients, unsatisfactorily compensated (HbA1c level 9.5-11.9%) – 54.0±4.4%, and decompensated (HbA1c level 12.0-14.0%) – 16.7±3.3%.  
Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) was observed in 33.9±1.2% of the population, obesity – 27.7%. More than a third of the examined individuals (36.4±1.2%) had physical inactivity. Its level in patients with T2DM (68.3±4.1%) overall was 31.9% higher than in the general population (by 34% among women, by 28.5% among men). Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was detected in every third resident (32.5±3.8%). HC was significantly higher (by 54.8%) in patients with SD (P<0.05) than in the general population. Every third examined individual (32.9±1.2%) had only one RF. A combination of two RFs occurred in every fifth individual (19.5±1.0%), three RFs – in every tenth examined, and a combination of four RFs – in about 6% of the population.  
Peripheral neuropathy was detected in 68.2±4.1% of patients with SD, trophic ulcers on the feet – in 1.6±1.1%. Among those with identified diabetes, 48.4±4.4% were not registered in dispensaries and belonged to the group of individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes. Only a third of patients with T2DM (30.2±4.1%) were registered in dispensaries. Every fifth patient with T2DM (21.4±3.6%) was not registered in a dispensary.  
 

Conclusion

The data we obtained should serve as an additional tool for interested regional healthcare structures to better organize diagnostic, treatment, and preventive care for patients with diabetes mellitus.  
 

Keywords

diabetes mellitus blood glucose glycated hemoglobin obesity physical inactivity hypercholesterolemia heredity angioneuropathy.

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